The Cold War During World War II - 2269 Words

The Cold War was a crucial war that took place shortly after World War II. The Cold War was a war between the Soviet Union and the United States. It is interesting to note that two countries that worked together as a team and were allies during World War II goes into war against each other shortly after the end of the greatest war in human history. The defeat of Germany and Japan along with the economic devastation that had occurred in Europe left many of the superpowers in the world during this time with minimal power. The two major powers that came out of World War II were the USSR (Soviet Union) and the United States of America. Since the major superpowers during WWII were crippled after the end of WWII, there were no real competitors or regional competitors for to the Soviet Union and America. As a result, the Soviet Union and United States of America emerged as the new superpowers of the world. Since there was literally no competitions to these nations, both United States and th e Soviet Union started to spread their power worldwide. The United States’ political ideology was based on democracy whereas on the contrary the USSR’s political ideology revolved around communism. The major driving force of the Cold War is the difference in political ideologies between the nations. Both USSR and the USA did not support the spread of each of their ideologies. The conflict in ideologies made it prevalent that the superpowers- USSR and the United States did not trust each other.Show MoreRelatedThe Cold War During World War II930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was political hostility between the United States of America and the Soviet Union through threats, propaganda and series of warfare incidents that made these superpowers of the time suspicious of one another. With the sources of the reader I will explain who’s to be at fault for the Cold war, the United States or the Soviet Union. The term â€Å"Cold War† according to Heonik Kwon i n his document origins of the Cold War â€Å"†¦ refers to the prevailing condition of the world in the second halfRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was not a military conflict, but was an ongoing political conflict involving both military and economic competition between two superpowers advancing rapidly wanting to be number one. The evolvement of the Cold War began during and after World War I, although the official beginning of the Cold War was in 1945, at the Yalta Conference after World War II. There were many causes of the Cold War, but can be summed up as a battle between capitalism and communism. Also, along with PresidentRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was the name given to the non-aggressive conflict between The United States and Russia that began after World War II. However, there is disagreement over the exact dates of the Cold War. Nevertheless, it took place somewhere between the end of World War II and the early 1989 (Wendt n.d). The Cold War brought about a number of crises in the decades that it lasted. These crises include: Vietnam, the Berlin Wall, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cold War itself was the result of the UnitedRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II854 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a major event in the U.S. and Soviet Union’s history. The main reason that these two countries entered into the Cold War after World War II was power. The USSR and United States had two very different perspectives on power coming out of World War II. This disagreement ultimately caused the Cold War. Russia’s perspective after World War II was influenced by Joseph Stalin. Stalin, the leader of the USSR at the time, was a merciless dictator. His main concern was maintaining power andRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II1397 Words   |  6 PagesWar is the result of hate and brutality that can affect people in a negative way. The Cold War relates to the war in the Butter Battle book as it demonstrates hate, which should not be taught to kids in children s books. Conflict and competition can lead to war. The Cold War was a 45 year long rivalry between the Western powers, led by the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States formed a military base to protect them from other threats such as the Soviets. The expansion of the SovietRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II1324 Words   |  6 PagesWhen World War II ended, the last thing the countries imagined was another worldwide conflict. But that’s exactly was soon ensued when the Cold War erupted between the Eastern powers and the Western powers. The Eastern powers consisted of the Soviet Union and the Western powers consisted of America, Britain and France. During World War II, these allies had a common ground to work together in effort to fight against Hitler and the Nazi Party. The Cold War wasn’t an actual war where battles were fought;Read MoreThe Cold War During World War II Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a clash of culture, ideologies, and a standoff between the world s two greatest nuclear powers. The argument of the American side was based around Capitalism and a hunger for ever growing business while the Soviet Union’s was structured around Communism and it’s powerful theocracy that stated it must be spread to every country on the planet. As a result, there has been much debate about whether the U.S. initiated the Cold War through their usage of the atomic bomb in World War IIRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II1760 Words   |  8 PagesEssay One During World War II the United States and the Soviet Union were allies, but by 1950, their relationship had disintegrated and the two nations were engaged in a â€Å"Cold War.† The â€Å"Cold War† occurred due to efforts by both nations after the war to maintain influence in regions like Eastern Europe for the Soviets and Turkey and Greece for the United States, but the â€Å"Cold War† wasn’t limited to these disputes. The â€Å"Cold War† was influenced by many factors on the United States side including theRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period of 44 years of both military and political tension after World War II. There were many ideals and events that lead to the Cold War. Nationalism, poor economic conditions, and a strong desire for democracy and human rights are the primary reasons that many believe the Cold War started. However, these are just a few of the reasons for the Cold War. Events s uch as the Yalta Conference, Truman Doctrine, Potsdam Conference, and the Marshall Plan also greatly influenced the startRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II2261 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cold War was a period of rivalry short of armed confrontation. Tensions oscillated between former allies of the World War II, Russia and America, leading to the infamous cold war. It is rather difficult to determine the starting point of the Cold War because the East-West relationship had been deteriorating since a long time due to their conflicting ideologies and aspirations. However, the circumstances required for them to form an alliance in World War II, but this friendship was short lived

A Clockwork Orange Essay - 551 Words

A Clockwork Orange Authors who write of other times and places help us to better understand our own lives. Discuss A Clockwork Orange in terms of that statement. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A â€Å"clockwork orange† can be described as something that has a convincing outer appearance yet in the inside is merely controlled by outer influences, such as a clock set in motion by its owner. In A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess takes us into the future where violent criminals are forced to be â€Å"good,† and introduces us to Alex, a young teen who engages in a life of rape, ultra-violence, and Beethoven with his â€Å"droogs,† or friends, and talks in the slang language of â€Å"nadsat.† He goes through various phases in his life, evolving into a more†¦show more content†¦All humans are born with the desire to do evil, and thus we can justify Alex’s violent actions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eventually, Alex’s friends betray him and set him up to be imprisoned, where he is conditioned to hate evil and to become sick at the mention or thought of evil, as well as the music he so used to enjoy. Alex walks out as a new person: one who is totally â€Å"good,† yet has no choice to be bad. He is a walking robot conditioned by the government – a clockwork orange. After much turmoil and anxiety, Alex is â€Å"fixed,† and once more has free will. In the final chapter, we see how Alex finally matures and frees himself from outside control. He decides to find a wife to take care of his son. In doing so, he realizes how his youth was that of a clockwork orange and we see how this realization breaks him from the control it had over him. This can be seen in our lives in that we eventually become morally responsible and take steps toward fulfilling our obligations in life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Burgess points out an interesting question in this novel. Would it be better to be forced to do good or to choose evil with freedom of choice? Would it be right to live our lives â€Å"perfectly,† on the condition that we had no control over it? Burgess states his answer in the words spoken by the prison chaplain, who says, â€Å"When a man ceases to choose, he ceases to be aShow MoreRelatedA Clockwork Orange1450 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange is a dystopian novel set in an oppressive, futuristic state. Published in 1962, A Clockwork Orange is an extremely intense, graphic, and, at times, horrifying novel. A reader begins to question their own values as they become numb and desensitized to the violence at hand. Both behaviorism and free will is occurring throughout A Clockwork Orange. A Clockwork Orange brings up a question, how much control of our own free will do we actually have? Do we reallyRead More A Clockwork Ora nge Essay: Blindness in A Clockwork Orange970 Words   |  4 PagesBlindness in A Clockwork Orange In the novel, A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess has tried to show the importance of individual freedom over doing the right thing. He has taken an extreme example of violence and perverse acts to accent his strong belief. It is my opinion that Burgess has been blinded to some essential truths in his quest to ensure personal freedom. Personal freedom can be described as acting upon your own accord and not becoming restricted by the social paradigm in which youRead MoreEssay on A Clockwork Orange916 Words   |  4 Pages I think that A Clockwork Orange is a book worth reading because it is relatable, makes you think, and is interesting. The author, Anthony Burgess, was born February 25, 1917. At the young age of two his mother passed away. He was brought up by his aunt and later his stepmother. Even with such an unstable childhood Burgess continued on to enroll in college and major in English. He had a passion for music, which he expressed in the main character of A Clockwork Orange. Burgess wrote several accomplishedRead More A Clockwork Orange Essay553 Words   |  3 PagesA Clockwork Orange We are first introduced to Alex (Malcolm McDowell) in the company of his posse, strangely sipping drugged milk in a freakish bar with anatomically indiscrete manikins serving as tittie-taps and tables. The ensuing scenes flash from Alex and his three droogs brutally beating an old man to a violent rape scene to a semi-chaotic gang-brawl. The story is of Alex and his love of the old ultra-violence, his act of murder, his betrayal and imprisonment, and his cure (twice). Read MoreA Clockwork Orange Analysis1497 Words   |  6 PagesOn the surface a Clockwork Orange written in 1962 by Anthony Burgess appears to be a protest novel criticising a totalitarian government’s prohibition of free will and censoring free speech. The Government in A Clockwork Orange appears extremely socialistic and it extends complete control over all its citizens, Burgess appears to abhors the lack of freedom in government-controlled societies and as a result despite Alex’s violent crimes Burgess paints the removal of free will through the LudovicoRead More A Clockwork Orange Essay612 Words   |  3 Pages A Clockwork Orange nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To leave out the final chapter of A Clockwork Orange is to change the entire meaning of the novel; as Burgess says in the introduction, his story is transformed into a fable. Without the last chapter the reader is left with a dark and pessimistic theme, that absolute good and evil exist in this world and it is possible for a man to be pure evil. Alex is conditioned and unconditioned, and in the end all indications point to a malicious life of crimeRead MoreAnthony Burgess and A Clockwork Orange987 Words   |  4 PagesImagine existing in a world run by sadistic and insane street gangs who reek havoc on innocent civilians, and there is absolutely nothing you can do about it. Anthony Burgess created this world through his novel, A Clockwork Orange. Anthony Burgess was born in 1917 and died in 1963. A lot of social changes occurred during this period of time, such as: the roaring twenties, prohibition, the Great Depression, World War II, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and many more. Burgess not only lived through thoseRead MorePleasantville And A Clockwork Orange Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pages Pleasantville and A Clockwork orange are both films that have certain things that are abnormal. Pertaining to Pleasantville it begins in black and white and end to be in color because of being exposed of certain things. In a Clockwork Orange that is exposed with violence robbery is highly unusual because it is not something morally right to do. While analyzing both of these movies they both have certain distortions that can be covered that make their own individually, out of ordinary, a tad shockingRead More A Clockwork Orange Essay2139 Words   |  9 PagesA Clockwork Orange Eat this sweetish segment or spit it out. You are free.amp -Anthony Burgess Anthony Burgess has been heralded as one of the greatest literary geniuses of the twentieth century. Although Burgess has over thirty works of published literature, his most famous is A Clockwork Orange. Burgess’s novel is a futuristic look at a Totalitarian government. The main character, Alex, is an amp;quot;ultra-violentamp;quot; thief who has no problem using force against innocent citizensRead More Clockwork Orange Essay example2225 Words   |  9 PagesClockwork Orange In all of my reading, I have come to the conclusion that Anthony Burgess is one of the greatest literary genius’s of the twentieth century. His masterpiece, A Clockwork Orange, is unrivaled in obvious depth, insight, and innovation. The novel is a work of such quality, such perfection, that it seems to be genuinely written by a literary demigod. The novels main theme deals with free choice and spiritual freedom. More specifically, [The ethical promise that A man

Economic Of The Corporate Tax Rate Cut In Australia - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Economic Of The Corporate Tax Rate Cut In Australia. Answer: According to the Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act 1986, fringe benefits may be defined as the benefits other than wages and salary that is paid to an employee. An employment relationship must exist between the provider of benefits and the beneficiary for the application of the fringe benefit provision. The application of this provision enables to measure the tax liabilities of the employer and the employee regarding such fringe benefits. The fringe benefits associated with cars are stipulated under section 7 of the Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act 1986. The section stipulates that if a car is provided to an employee, which the employer had either owned or taken on lease, and the employee is allowed to use the car for private purpose, the benefits of the car shall be liable for fringe benefits tax (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). However, the benefits of the car shall be considered for fringe benefits tax even if the employee or his associates uses the car for private purpose or it has not been used by them for private purpose despite being available to them for the same. The taxable value of fringe car benefits can be measured either by using the statutory formula method or by using the operating cost method. Section 9 of the Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act 1986 stipulate provisions for calculating the taxable value of car fringe benefit as per the statutory method. According to the statutory formula method, the taxable value of fringe benefits will be calculated after considering the cost of the car (Cingano 2014). As per section 10A and 10B of the FBTAA 1986, the taxable value of car fringe benefit can be calculated using the operating cost method. In case of operating cost method, the operating cost of the car is used to determine the taxable value of fringe benefits. The method that results in lowest taxable value of fringe benefits should be used to determine the FBT. However, in order to use the operating cost method to determine the taxable value of fringe benefits, important documents are necessary to be maintained. Facts of the case On the facts here, Charlie, an employee of Shiny Homes Pty Ltd was provided with a four-wheel drive sedan that is defined as a car under the fringe benefits tax legislation to determine the fringe benefits of the car. The facts clearly states that the company allowed its employee to use the car for private purpose of the employee and the car was used by Charlie for private purposes as well as for additional work purposes. Hence, the car that Shiny Homes Pty Ltd provided to the employee, Charlie, shall be liable for determining fringe benefits tax. As mentioned earlier, operating cost method and statutory formula method are the two methods that can be used to calculate the taxable value of fringe benefits for determining FBT. As per the statutory formula method, the taxable value of car fringe benefits can be determined by calculating the statutory rate at 20 percent (Braverman, Marsden and Sadiq 2015). The statutory rate of 20% is multiplied to the base value of the car in order to determine the taxable value for fringe benefits. The extent to which the car provided by the employer is used for private purpose is not taken into consideration while calculating the taxable value of fringe benefits as per the statutory formula method (Balcerowicz and Rzo?ca 2015). On the other hand, as per the operating cost method, the total operating cost of the car is proportionately divided between the private and work purpose to determine the taxable value of fringe benefits. The deemed depreciation is calculated using the statutory rate of 25% by using the formula provided under section 11(1). The deemed interest is calculated is using the formula provided under section 11(2). The statutory interest rate is 5.65% for the year 2016/17. Since the taxable value of fringe benefits for the car produces, lower results when it is calculated using the statutory formula method, the taxable value of fringe benefits of the car provided to Charlie shall be considered to have been calculated using the statutory formula method. Additionally, Shine Ltd has also hired the car for weeding; hence, the hire charge of the car shall be taken into account while determining the taxable value of fringe benefit (Dabla-Norris et al. 2015). Further, the honeymoon accommodation sponsored by the Shine Limited shall also be considered as a fringe benefits that to be included to determine the taxable value of fringe benefit of the car. As per section 39A of the Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act 1986, car parking fringe benefits shall arise if the car is parked at premises that the employer has either leased or owned (Barkoczy 2017). On the facts here, since the car is parked in separate unit, it is not liable for car fringe benefit. Allan and Betty have decided to shift so the sale of their house in Melbourne and their subsequent acquisition of a huge country house in Central Victoria shall not give rise to taxable consequences. However, the income of Allan and Betty as part time locum doctor and part time accountant shall be included while calculating income tax as per the income tax provisions of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Burkhauser, Hahn and Wilkins 2015). As per the case study, given that he is popular among his elderly clients, Allan receives loads of homemade food and cake from his patients as a token of appreciation, in addition to the fees that he receives as a locum doctor. Nevertheless, such homemade foods and cakes shall not result in any additional tax consequences for Allan, as the products do not have any market value as commercial products (Herault and Azpitarte 2015). Therefore, they shall not be included while calculating the income tax as they are not considered as commercial products. However, the wine that Allan has received from his clients has certain market value of $36 approximately. This may cause Allan to have tax consequences, as the amount shall be included in the income of Allan while determining his taxable income that may be used to establish his income tax liability under the Income Tax Assessment Act, 1997. This is because the amount of wine is taxable as it is a commercial product and has a market value as well. hence, it is included in the income of Allen while assessing the income tax under the statute. The Taxation Ruling TR 97/11 includes certain indicators that can be used to determine whether an individual is engaged in the business (Akins, Chapman and Gordon 2014). Therefore, this ruling may assist in differentiating business from hobbies in the following ways: The purpose of the activity is considerable in determining whether an activity is a hobby or business. Thus, if an activity has a substantial commercial purpose, it shall be considered as business activity (Hodgson and Pearce 2015). There is an existence of employment relationship in case of business activities unlike in hobbies where the existence of an employment relationship is not mandatory. A business activity aims at earning profit unlike in hobbies where the activities do not aim at earning profit (Akins, Chapman and Gordon 2014). Unlike businesses where the existence of premises is mandatory, activities related to hobbies do not require any premises, as it is not mandatory. Business activities involve huge amount of capital unlike in hobbies where the investment of huge capital is not necessary. The court has defined the criteria that are necessary to differentiate hobbies from business actives in Cooper Books Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation of Commonwealth of Australia. In the event, a client transforms his or her hobby into business for earning profits; the income shall be included to determine tax (Burkhauser, Hahn and Wilkins 2015). This is because when a hobby is transformed into a business but with the sole objective to earn profits, the income that the client derives from such business transactions shall give rise to tax consequences. On the facts here, Betty and Allan transformed their hobby of gardening into business activity and they even earned $500to $600 per month after the sale of marmalade. This implies that the income that they derived from gardening is the income that has arise from the business transactions. Therefore, such incomes shall give rise to tax The provisions of GST and ITAA govern the barter system of the country if it amounts to business transactions. The business transactions that include barter shall be treated equally along with other credit and cash transactions for calculating income tax under the GST and ITAA provisions (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan 2015). Therefore, in the given case, the barter system established by Betty and Allan in the area shall be considered as credit and cash transactions for calculating the GST and income tax in the country. This is because the provisions of ITAA and GST usually govern that barter system transactions that amounts to business transactions. Hence, such transactions are subjected to equivalent treatment as any other credit or cash transactions. Reference list Akins, B.W., Chapman, J.L. and Gordon, J.M., 2014. A whole new world: Income tax considerations of the Bitcoin economy.Pitt. Tax Rev.,12, p.25. Balcerowicz, L. and Rzo?ca, A., 2015.Puzzles of Economic Growth. World Bank Group. Barkoczy, S., 2017. Core Tax Legislation and Study Guide.OUP Catalogue. Braverman, D., Marsden, S. and Sadiq, K., 2015. Assessing Taxpayer Response to Legislative Changes: A Case Study of In-House Fringe Benefits Rules.J. Austl. Tax'n,17, p.1. Burkhauser, R.V., Hahn, M.H. and Wilkins, R., 2015. Measuring top incomes using tax record data: A cautionary tale from Australia.The Journal of Economic Inequality,13(2), pp.181-205. Cao, L., Hosking, A., Kouparitsas, M., Mullaly, D., Rimmer, X., Shi, Q., Stark, W. and Wende, S., 2015. Understanding the economy-wide efficiency and incidence of major Australian taxes.Treasury WP,1. Cingano, F., 2014. Trends in income inequality and its impact on economic growth. Dabla-Norris, M.E., Kochhar, M.K., Suphaphiphat, M.N., Ricka, M.F. and Tsounta, E., 2015.Causes and consequences of income inequality: a global perspective. International Monetary Fund. Gitman, L.J., Juchau, R. and Flanagan, J., 2015.Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Herault, N. and Azpitarte, F., 2015. Recent Trends in Income Redistribution in Australia: Can Changes in the Tax?Benefit System Account for the Decline in Redistribution?.Economic Record,91(292), pp.38-53. Hodgson, H. and Pearce, P., 2015. TravelSmart or travel tax breaks: is the fringe benefits tax a barrier to active commuting in Australia? 1.eJournal of Tax Research,13(3), p.819. Mahar, F., Longridge, J. and He, J.L., 2016. The economic impact of a corporate tax rate cut in Australia.Taxation in Australia,51(3), p.141. Miller, T., Kim, A.B. and Holmes, K., 2015. 2015 Index of economic Freedom.Washington DC: The Heritage Foundation. Nijland, L. and Dijst, M., 2015. Commuting-related fringe benefits in the Netherlands: Interrelationships and company, employee and location characteristics.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,77, pp.358-371. Sheridan, N. and Lee, E., 2015. Tax changes on the horizon for expatriates working in Australia.Governance Directions,67(7), p.428. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue.

Competing on Action Business Models

Question: Discuss about the Competing on Action for Business Models. Answer: Introduction The business models are mainly for the large body work which also includes the ideal forms to work on the static, dynamic and the system view. These involve the proper understanding of the linkage in between the global business ecosystem as well as the related subsystems. (Gassmann et al., 2016). The practice is based on the stimulation process mainly for the business models. This includes the details of the model where the methods are set to generate the revenue as well as handling the selling of the products, with the services or the charging of the subscription fees. It is also able to create the revenue opportunities where the model shows the factors for the operations of the business as well as the higher margins than the competitors, where there is a lower cost source of supply. The major importance is based on the current customers who can be profitable depending upon the marketing like an advertisement. The major focus has been on the product development where the communication moves on the web. (Berglund et al., 2013). The business plan works on the scrutinizing that is used to implement the model along with using the people and capital, where the projections are based on the results of implementing the model. Conceptualisation business models as systems. The conceptualisation of the business models where the block terms are the nine building blocks that have been highlighted to describe the business model where the approach is easy to describe to visualize, assess and then change the business model. In the dynamic view, the functions are based on the power over time, with a proper understanding that leads to the profitability in a higher value creation over the longer stretches. The conceptualized forms are the design themes which includes the novelty, lock-in complementarities, and efficiency, designing elements that are for the business models with the encouragement of the holistic forms with critical thinking. (Hartmann et al., 2016). The business models can be used for handling the static problems in the way where the objective of the system is based on creating a better value for the customer through the use of the firm resources. In turn, there are certain non-monetary forms of the value of the firm, which needs to be conceptualized with the building blocks. It includes the setup through the canvass approach where there is an easy way for the visualization, assesses and the change to the business model process as well. Hence, the static processes are for the change over the longer period, where the scope of implementation is based on the improvement of the process as well as the automation of workflow, and the data gathering. (Madhok et al., 2013). The benefits are set to handle the utilization of the knowledge with the one-time basis in the process. For the dynamic structured problems, there is a way to choose the components where the business models are made of the functions where the power is set at the time. It is also important to understand the combinations of the different input forms that will lead to the profitability in the short-medium terms. This includes the higher value creation over the longer stretch of time. (Smith et al., 2010). Static: Business model generation nine components according to Osterwalder Pigneur, 2010 Business models to understand how firms partner. The business model mainly comprises of the standards where the value of the customer or the partner is based on the value proposition. As per Klein, 1996, inter--organizational systems have been used for the analysis where the firm tends to operate. The value of the network is based on complementing and amplifying for the own resources of the firm. There is a bridge component that refers mainly to the decisions as well as the working for the value network. (Sandstrom, 2010). The firm needs to work on the value proposition that also implies on offer to the customers that also contain the partners who can easily fulfill the value proposition for the customers. For the business model innovation process, there is a need to focus on the customer needs as well as realigning of the resources, processes and the profit formulas. (Zott et al., 2010). There is a need to understand the identity, core resources and the target markets which are focusing on the offers for the specific customers or the segments. (Schloderer et al., 2016). The channel strategy is mainly to reach the customers with identification with the choices for managing the customer relationship. Explain Itami and Nishino's (2010) arguments. The activity-based model of Itami and Nishino is based on the delivery system with the profit models. With the conceptualisation, the profit model is the best way that has been used by the firm to make sure about the ability to earn profits. The former tends to also work on the summarization of how the value can be created for the customers with the value that has been for the firm. (Itami and Nishino, 2010). The customer tends to offer the choices for the products and the services that have been identified mainly to create the value for the customers as well as solving the problems to meet the specific needs and the desires. (Itami and Nishino, 2010). The supply chain strategy and the product services include the delivery of the product to the customers at a particular cost. Example, the major profit model, and the business model comprise of the system where it is important to make a clear level of the delivery system where the activities are for the firm by the external partners. The learning system has been mainly for the understanding of how the business model ends up with being changed mainly for the strategic reasons. It has been clear that the delivery system is set where the learning occurs based on the activities in the firm. (Itami and Nishino, 2010). Hence, it is important to handle the external partners as well as the value chain of the firm. The system also includes the incorporating of the internal and the external learning in an efficient manner. Identify the helping article The work from Kodama has been impressive as the business model where he tends to integrate the knowledge integration firm. It has been seen that there are certain coordination and the collaboration based on the Japanese firms with proper organizational boundaries that are aimed towards the technological and the marketing innovation. Hence, for this, there is a renewal of the accumulated path dependent knowledge, where the dynamic approach is set in and out of the firm. (Kodama, 2004). The study is also based on the clarification, which includes the performances with the differentiation competencies that have been characterized based on the use of the semiconductors or the mobile phones. It has also been made clear that the firms with the different types of the business models tend to work on the ability to develop the core competencies. Here, the major focus is on the technological change and how to integrate the heterogeneous knowledge in the internal format within the boundaries. Kodama also includes the knowledge of the integration model, where the identified the across system models and between the s ystem model for the organization. It has been completely networking-centric where the process is mainly through the networks in and out of the firm. Hence, for this, there is a need for handling the internal networks and the knowledge which will be important for the processes to create a better sense of knowledge through the corporate boundaries. (Kodama, 2004). The empirical study has been about how to work on the prominent factors where the Japanese firms tend to involve the dynamic forms of the human network as well as the architecture that involves the integration process for the knowledge development. (Kodama, 2004). Conclusion As per the analysis, the value chain is not only for the value activities, but it also focuses on how the firms can integrate the knowledge patterns along with working with the partners. (Wirtz et al., 2016). The delivery of the value to the customers tend to include a proper draw on and develop the internal resources that have been set with the hyper-innovation. It is based on ensuring that the values could easily be created by the firm and does not get diminished by the others. Reference Berglund, H., Sandstrm, C. (2013). Business model innovation from an open systems perspective: structural challenges and managerial solutions.International Journal of Product Development,18(3-4), 274-285. Gassmann, O., Frankenberger, K., Sauer, R. (2016). Conclusion: Opening up a New Debate on BMI. InExploring the Field of Business Model Innovation(pp. 107-111). Springer International Publishing. Hartmann, P. M., Hartmann, P. M., Zaki, M., Zaki, M., Feldmann, N., Feldmann, N., ... Neely, A. (2016). Capturing value from big dataa taxonomy of data-driven business models used by start-up firms.International Journal of Operations Production Management,36(10), 1382-1406. Itami, H., Nishino, K. (2010). Killing two birds with one stone: profit for now and learning for the future.Long Range Planning,43(2), 364-369. Kodama, F. (2004). Measuring emerging categories of innovation: Modularity and business model.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,71(6), 623-633. Madhok, A., Marques, R. (2013). Competing on action: business models and the competitiveness of emerging market enterprises. Sandstrm, C. G. (2010).A Revised Perspective on Disruptive Innovation: Exploring Value, Networks and Business Models. Chalmers University of Technology. Schloderer, F., Mezias, S. (2016, January). Knowing Pains: Identity Based Market Control and the Creation of the Hollywood Studio Business Model. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 10713). Academy of Management. Smith, W. K., Binns, A., Tushman, M. L. (2010). Complex business models: Managing strategic paradoxes simultaneously.Long range planning,43(2), 448-461. Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., Gttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives.Long Range Planning,49(1), 36-54. Zott, C., Amit, R., Massa, L. (2010). The business model: Theoretical roots, recent developments, and future research.IESE business school-University of Navarra, 1-43.